Electric vehicles (EVs) highlight tire noise due to the absence of drivetrain masking, making NVH management critical. This study investigates tire airborne and pass-by noise mechanisms, focusing on tread features such as air ratio, tread stiffness, shoulder and longitudinal grooves and air pumping. Indoor anechoic chamber tests were conducted to analyse noise generation, while outdoor R117 Pass-By Noise (PBN) measurements assessed regulatory compliance. Noise mitigation strategies including optimized groove geometry, variable pitch patterns and damping materials are explored. The paper presents insights into noise mechanisms and practical approaches for quieter, high-performance EV tires.

• Understanding noise mechanisms: how tread pattern features, air pumping and tire construction influence tire airborne and pass-by noise in EVs
• Noise mitigation strategies: practical design solutions, including groove geometry optimization, variable pitch patterns and noise damping
• Testing and analysis approaches: insights into indoor anechoic chamber testing for mechanism study and R117 Pass-By Noise measurements